Neurologist

A neurologist is a medical specialist who focuses on disorders of the nervous system. Examples include problems affecting the brain and nerves throughout the body.

The neurologist focuses on disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system consists of the brain, cranial nerves and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes the nerves found in the limbs and trunk.

Problems treated by a neurologist include loss of strength or sensation, brain and nerve diseases, headaches and epilepsy. Common conditions include Parkinson's disease and carpal tunnel syndrome (a condition affecting the hand).

A visit to the neurologist

During a visit, the neurologist asks about the symptoms. This is followed by a physical examination with various tests to detect abnormalities in the nervous system.

A well-known neurological test is the patellar reflex. The knee tendon is tapped with a small hammer to trigger a reflex. Normally, the knee extends as a result. If there is a problem with the nerves involved in the reflex, extension does not occur. This tells the neurologist that something is wrong.

If necessary, additional testing may be performed. This takes place in another department of the hospital or clinic, usually by separate appointment. Examples in neurology include an EMG, MRI scan or CT scan.

Treatment

The neurologist then starts treatment or refers the patient to another healthcare provider. This may be another physician, such as an orthopedist or neurosurgeon, if a herniated disc or carpal tunnel syndrome requires surgery.

A speech therapist can help with speech or swallowing problems, while a physical therapist can help with rehabilitation after a spinal cord injury, stroke or Parkinson's disease. Medication may sometimes be part of the treatment.