Broken shinbone

A broken shinbone is a fracture of the lower leg. This does not happen easily; it usually requires a lot of force. There is immediate severe pain and it is no longer possible to bear weight on the leg. Recovery takes time and patience.

This article discusses the different causes, characteristics, and treatment options for a broken shinbone.

How does a shinbone fracture occur?

Because the shinbone is a very strong bone, it does not break easily. It usually requires a lot of force. A broken shinbone can be the result of a trauma such as a traffic accident, a fall, or a hard blow or kick directly to the shin. Often the fibula breaks at the same time as the shinbone. This is then called a lower leg fracture or cruris fracture.

In rare cases, a broken shinbone is a pathological fracture. Due to an underlying disease such as bone loss (osteoporosis) or bone cancer, the bone is so weakened that it can break even with a small blow or collision.

Characteristics (symptoms) of a broken shinbone

A broken shinbone is always accompanied by sudden severe pain. It is also no longer possible to bear weight on the leg. In many cases, the lower leg is crooked, especially if the fibula is also broken. In an ‘open fracture’, a broken piece of bone protrudes through the skin.

If a broken piece of bone presses on nerves, this can lead to muscle paralysis or altered sensation and tingling in the leg and foot.

How is a broken shinbone diagnosed?

A broken shinbone can often be identified during the history and physical examination by the general practitioner or physical therapist. If a fracture is suspected, an röntgenfoto will be taken at the hospital. The fracture is clearly visible on this image. After the röntgenfoto, a CT scan and/or MRI scan may be performed if necessary. These provide more clarity about possible damage to nerves, muscles, or surrounding tissue.

Treatment of a broken shinbone

Treatment of a broken shinbone depends on the severity and location of the fracture. After the examinations in the hospital, the doctor determines whether surgery is necessary.

During surgery, the surgeon puts the bone fragments back in the correct position. The surgeon then fixes the bone fragments together with metal plates and screws. In most cases, these plates and screws can remain in place permanently.

If no surgery is needed, the fracture will first be reduced if necessary and then treated with a splint or cast. The casting period usually lasts six weeks. During that time, you may not or only partially bear weight on the leg. The doctor often prescribes medication to reduce pain and swelling.

About six weeks after surgery, or following the cast period, the leg can bear weight again. It is important to build this up gradually. During recovery, it is wise to seek the help of a physical therapist. The treatment focuses on restoring normal mobility and strengthening the leg. The physical therapist uses, among other things, mobilizations, exercise therapy, massage, and medical taping.