Shoulder bursitis

The bursa is a small sac filled with joint fluid, located between the tendons and the bone. A shoulder bursitis is an inflammatory reaction of the bursa. As a result of this inflammation, the bursa can become swollen and cause local swelling, redness, warmth, and tenderness.

Not only with movements of the shoulder, but also lying on the shoulder and pushing or pulling movements can lead to increased pain. This is due to the increased pressure in the bursa.

How does a shoulder bursitis occur?

A shoulder bursitis can occur suddenly or gradually. The symptoms are often caused by overuse. A shoulder bursitis can also be the result of a bacteriële (bacterial) infection or a traumatic event, such as a blow or fall on the shoulder.

In sports where the arm is heavily loaded, such as tennis or softball, a shoulder bursitis occurs more often compared to other sports. In addition to sports, there are more risk factors such as:

• Incorrect posture, mainly in the shoulder girdle.
• Malalignment of one or more bones.
• An imbalance in one or more shoulder muscles, mainly the rotator cuff muscles.

Which symptoms characterize a shoulder bursitis?

A shoulder bursitis is generally recognized by the characteristic signs of inflammation such as warmth, redness, restricted movement, and swelling.

Pain is also a frequently mentioned symptom. It is characterized as sharp, intense pain and may radiate toward the elbow. These pain complaints are often provoked by movements of the shoulder and pushing or pulling movements. Lying on the shoulder can also cause pain.

How is the diagnosis of shoulder bursitis made?

Usually, the history and physical examination by the primary care physician or physical therapist are sufficient to make the diagnosis.
Additional tests, including an ultrasound or an MRI scan, may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the condition.

The specialist can also use a syringe to extract some fluid from the bursa and analyze it. This provides more information about a possible bacteriële (bacterial) infection.

What is the treatment for a shoulder bursitis?

Treatment of a shoulder bursitis is often twofold. On the one hand, it is important to reduce the inflammatory reaction with rest, possibly supported by medications such as anti-inflammatories.

On the other hand, it is just as important to start immediately with light mobilizing exercises within the pain limit. The goal is to restore the mobility of the shoulder. The physical therapist can provide excellent guidance and, if necessary, use other treatment interventions such as massage, stretching, and joint mobilizations.